What characterizes the business model of a 'Vertical Integrator' in the commercial space sector?

Answer

Building everything in-house, from the engine to the avionics, to maximize control.

The Vertical Integrator model involves building most, if not all, components internally (like engines and avionics) to achieve maximum control over design, cost management, and scheduling.

What characterizes the business model of a 'Vertical Integrator' in the commercial space sector?
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